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Centrifugal pumps play a crucial role in various industries, including marine engineering where they are commonly used as boiler feed pumps and condensate pumps. However, one issue that can arise with centrifugal pumps is pump stall, a transient flow structure that can disrupt the smooth operation of the pump system. In this article, we will delve into the concept of centrifugal pump stall, its properties, and its impact on pump performance.
The SAS approach is used for the SST k-ω turbulence model for the unsteady calculations. In the present work, the incidence angle α is defined as the angle between relative velocity and axial direction. The increase of the incidence angle α is the main cause of stall phenomenon . Figure 6 shows
Centrifugal Pump Stall Definition
Centrifugal pump stall refers to a condition where the flow of fluid through the pump becomes unstable, leading to a decrease in pump efficiency and performance. This phenomenon is characterized by flow separation within the pump impeller, which disrupts the smooth flow of fluid and causes fluctuations in pressure and flow rate. Pump stall can occur due to various factors, including operating conditions, pump design, and fluid properties.
Centrifugal Pump Stall Properties
When a centrifugal pump experiences stall, several properties of the pump system are affected. One of the key properties impacted by pump stall is the efficiency of the pump. As flow separation disrupts the flow of fluid through the impeller, the pump's efficiency decreases, leading to higher energy consumption and reduced performance.
Another property affected by pump stall is the pressure within the pump system. Stall can cause fluctuations in pressure, which can result in instability in the pump operation and potentially lead to damage to the pump components. Additionally, the flow rate through the pump may also be affected, leading to reduced throughput and affecting the overall system performance.
Centrifugal Pump with Vane Stall
In centrifugal pumps with vanes, stall can occur when the flow of fluid over the vanes becomes separated, causing a decrease in pump efficiency. Vane stall is often associated with high flow rates or operating conditions that are outside the pump's design parameters. To mitigate vane stall, pump designers may incorporate features such as diffusers or inducers to improve the flow characteristics and prevent flow separation.
Axial Flow Pump Flow Stall
In axial flow pumps, flow stall can occur when the flow of fluid through the impeller becomes unstable, leading to a decrease in pump performance. Axial flow pump flow stall is characterized by flow separation along the impeller blades, which disrupts the smooth flow of fluid and reduces the pump's efficiency. To prevent flow stall in axial flow pumps, proper impeller design and operating conditions must be maintained.
Marine Centrifugal Pumps
In marine engineering, centrifugal pumps are widely used for various applications, including boiler feed pumps and condensate pumps. These pumps are essential for maintaining the operation of marine systems and ensuring the efficient transfer of fluids onboard ships and offshore platforms. However, in marine applications, centrifugal pump stall can pose a significant challenge, as the pumps are subjected to varying operating conditions and fluid properties.
Stationary Stall Pressure Fluctuation
One of the consequences of centrifugal pump stall is the fluctuation in pressure within the pump system. Stationary stall pressure fluctuation occurs when the flow separation within the pump impeller causes variations in pressure, leading to instability in the pump operation. These pressure fluctuations can result in vibration, noise, and potential damage to the pump components if not addressed promptly.
Stationary Stall Flow Rate
Figure 12 shows instantaneous pressure and streamline distributions on the middle span of the pump under 0.3 Qd condition. The interval time between two
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centrifugal pump stall|stationary stall pressure fluctuation